The magnets are widely used in the design and development of the automotive sectors for the manufacturing of safe and comfortable designs. With the use of magnets in automobiles, the reliability and functional performance of the vehicles are improving and becoming more advanced and perfect for human beings. The use of permanent magnets in vehicles has made the design of vehicles more compact due to the small number of moving components or instruments. The application of magnets has reduced the weight of the vehicles. The operation of the autonomous driving system of the vehicles is functional with the magnetic field so the vehicles are becoming more comfortable and safer because of the precise detection of hurdles or objects on the path. The sensors used in the ADAS ( advanced driver assistance system) , ESC ( electronic stability control) and ABS ( Anti-Lock Braking braking systems) are the magnetic sensors. These magnets ensure precise operation by recording the values of proximity, position, and speed of the vehicle. Regenerative braking systems or mechanisms is widely used in some of the electric or energy-saving vehicles. The flow of fuel from the tank to the engine is also controlled by the magnetic field. The combustion efficiency of the engine is increased due to magnetic control of the fuel supply. The less fuel is consumed because of the magnetic control. The application of magnets in automobiles have made the transition from conventional vehicles to hybrid or electric vehicles very easy.
This regenerative braking system stores the mechanical energy of the wheels and furthermore, this is converted into the electrical energy used for lighting and other entertainment purposes in automobiles.
From the small to the larger operations of the vehicles are carried out with the magnetic field of magnets. The major uses of magnets in automobiles are described in detail in this article.
The fuel pumps in the vehicles supply fuel to the engine according to the load requirements. The electric motor which works on the principle of electromagnetic induction used to drive the fuel pumps. The interaction of electric current flow in the winding with the magnetic field helps to rotate the rotor of the motor and in this way fuel pump is driven. The performance of the fuel pump depends upon the efficient and continuous flow of fuel to the engine according to the requirements. If the electromagnetic induction in the motor is perfect and efficient then the motor gives the maximum performance and drives the fuel pump efficiently. If good quality magnets are not used in the motor then good performance of the fuel pump is not attained.
The charging of electric vehicles is done through wireless charging technology. In this wireless charging technology, the transfer of electric energy from the energy source to the vehicles is through the use of magnetic field. This unique magnetic charging method has made the charging process more comfortable and simple.
The magnets are used in the clutches and brakes of the vehicles for control. These magnetic clutches are economical and less maintenance is required because there is no physical contact between the plates or the parts. There is no wear and tear produced in these types of clutches and brakes.
The oil pan chip collector system of the vehicle is operated with the help of magnets. The magnets are the chip collectors and attract the harmful metal particles and other contents so that these cannot be mixed with oil supplied to the engines. Metal particles or chips are produced due to the wear and tear of the parts of the vehicles during the operation. If these particles are mixed with the oil they create problems in the engine. The friction in the engine parts, the need for extra lubrication, and the probability of wear and tear of the engine parts are reduced with the use of a magnetic oil pan chip collector system. With the use of magnetic of the oil pan chip collector system in the engine of the vehicle, the life and efficiency of the engine are increased.
The steering mechanism of the vehicles is completely supported by electronic power and electronic sensors are used to monitor the motion and movement of the steering wheels. After getting the information regarding the motion of the steering wheel, the sensors send this data to the control system which takes action accordingly. The commonly used sensors for the steering mechanism of automobiles are magnetic. The popular magnet sensor used for the steering mechanism is the hall-effect sensor, which can identify the steering column’s motion. After detecting the relative motion of the steering wheel, the voltage signal is generated and sent to the vehicle’s control system which responds in a precise manner effectively. The magnetic-controlled steering mechanism of the vehicles has made the operation of the vehicles more comfortable, safer, and reliable.
Bearings are important parts of the vehicle because they make the operation smooth and less noisy. Now a days, magnetic bearing are used which are effective and economical. So magnets play the important role in the smooth operation of the vehicles.
Actuators for Airbags:
The airbags are used in the latest cars and vehicles to provide safety to the human riding on the vehicles. The electromagnets are used in the actuators of the Airbags system of the vehicle for effective and quick response to emergency conditions when colliding with any other vehicle or object. When vehicles collide with the other vehicles, then actuators help to inflate the Airbags. After the collision, the electromagnetic actuators release the air from the airbags and restore it to normal condition. In this way, electromagnets play an important role in providing a safer journey to the passengers.
The dashboards of the vehicles have different instruments like fuel gauges (for displaying of quantity of fuel in the vehicle), Speedometer (for displaying and measuring the speed of the vehicle), and tachometers (for measuring the speed of the engine) that work with the help of magnetic field. The needles of the display meter are connected to the electromagnetic sensors or motor and display the readings with the movement of the motor. The working of the motor used for driving the tachometer or speedometer is based on electromagnetic induction (The interaction of the magnetic field with the current field produced by the electric current in the winding of the motor). The display of readings or positioning of the needle on the speedometer is carried out when there is a change in speed and the control system reacts and sends the current signal to the motor. The speed and performance of the vehicles are monitored easily and comfortably.
The sound and speaker systems are used in the vehicles for notification and enjoyment purposes. These audio and video sound systems work with the help of magnets. The electromagnetic field is formed in the coil when the current passes through it and this interacts with the permanent magnetic field. This interaction of two magnetic fields produces the sound. The quality of the sound of music in the vehicles depends upon the type and quality of the magnets used in the motors.
The adjustment of seats in different orientations and the opening and closing of the window panes are controlled and operated with the help of motors. The working of the motor is based on electromagnetic induction so magnets play an important function in the operation of these instruments of the vehicles. Permanent magnetic electric motors of small size are used for adjusting the seats or opening and closing the window. The quality and types of the magnets affect the efficiency and performance of the motor used in the vehicles.
The smooth and efficient operation of the steering mechanism, music systems, airbag actuators, transmission system, and fuel pumps is carried out with the magnets. The magnets are essential parts of the mechanism and systems of the vehicles so it is very important to use high-quality magnets. The audio and video devices, and window and seat adjusting mechanisms are for the comfort and enjoyment of the passengers and magnets are the important parts of these devices and systems. The applications of magnets in electric automobiles the evidence that magnets are important in converting a polluted environment into a greener and more sustainable one. The magnetic materials can be recycled so using the magnets is a sustainable solution. Because electric vehicles use not conventional fuels for their operation and so no harmful emission are there.
The universal and prominent properties of the magnets are the reason that they are widely used for different applications like the design of automobiles. With the progress and advancement of the latest technology for the manufacturing of automobiles, the importance and applications of the magnet will be increased.
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